五项基本原则 ⭐

The fundamental principles

考纲要点Syllabus points

英国生活的基本原则共五项：民主、法治、个人自由、对不同信仰和信念的宽容、参与社区生活。
There are five fundamental principles of British life: democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty, tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs, and participation in community life.
这些原则源自英国的历史与传统，并受到法律、议会和自由新闻的保护。
They come from British history and traditions and are protected by law, Parliament and a free press.
想成为永久居民或公民的人，应当接受这些价值观并尊重它们。
People who want to become permanent residents or citizens should accept these values and respect them.

拓展讲解In depth

五项基本原则：考试常让你从四个选项中挑出"不是基本原则"的一项。 The five principles. A common question asks you to spot which option is *not* one of them.

English	中文	说明
Democracy	民主	人民通过自由公正的选举选出政府；所有合格成年人都可以投票。
The rule of law	法治	法律对所有人一视同仁，包括政府和君主；任何人都不能凌驾于法律之上。
Individual liberty	个人自由	在法律范围内按自己的意愿生活、表达观点、选择信仰。
Tolerance	宽容	尊重和接纳与你信仰、观点不同的人，即使你不同意他们。
Participation in community life	参与社区生活	关心并参与所在社区：做志愿者、参加居民活动、帮助邻里。

五项原则里最容易混淆的是"自由、平等、博爱"——那是法国大革命的口号，不是英国的基本原则；"君主制"也不在名单里，它是一种政体，而不是价值原则。

The most common trap is "liberty, equality, fraternity": that is the slogan of the French Revolution, not a British principle. "Monarchy" is not on the list either; it is a form of government, not a value.

💡 记忆口诀：民法自宽参——民主、法治、自由、宽容、参与。

Memory aid: D-R-I-T-P: Democracy, Rule of law, Individual liberty, Tolerance, Participation.

居民的责任 ⭐

Responsibilities

考纲要点Syllabus points

尊重并遵守法律。
To respect and obey the law.
尊重他人的权利，包括他们持有不同观点的权利。
To respect the rights of others, including their right to their own opinions.
公平地对待他人。
To treat others with fairness.
照顾好自己和家人。
To look after yourself and your family.
爱护你居住的地方和环境。
To look after the area in which you live and the environment.

拓展讲解In depth

这五项责任适用于所有在英国生活的人，而不只是公民。考试常用"以下哪一项是责任"这样的题型，干扰项通常是听上去很好、但并非义务的事，比如"每次选举都必须投票""必须加入政党""必须学习威尔士语"。

These responsibilities apply to everyone living in the UK, not only citizens. Questions often ask "which of these is a responsibility?", and the wrong answers are usually things that sound good but are not duties, such as "vote in every election", "join a political party" or "learn Welsh".

💡 小贴士

在英国投票是权利而不是义务；参军也不是义务（英国没有义务兵役）。

In the UK, voting is a right, not a duty, and there is no compulsory military service.

英国提供的自由 ⭐

Freedoms the UK offers

考纲要点Syllabus points

信仰和宗教自由。
Freedom of belief and religion.
言论自由。
Freedom of speech.
免受不公平歧视的自由。
Freedom from unfair discrimination.
获得公正审判的权利。
A right to a fair trial.
参与选举政府的权利。
A right to join in the election of a government.

拓展讲解In depth

这些自由在英国有很深的历史根源，从 1215 年的《大宪章》到 1689 年的《权利法案》，再到 1998 年把《欧洲人权公约》纳入英国法律的《人权法》。第六章会详细讲。

These freedoms have deep roots in British history, from Magna Carta in 1215 to the Bill of Rights in 1689 and the Human Rights Act 1998, which brought the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. Chapter 6 covers them in detail.

言论自由并不等于可以说任何话：煽动暴力、种族仇恨或骚扰他人在英国是违法的。同样，宗教自由意味着你可以信仰任何宗教，也可以不信仰任何宗教。

Freedom of speech does not mean you can say anything: stirring up violence or racial hatred, or harassing someone, is against the law. Likewise, freedom of religion means you may follow any religion, or none.

English	中文	说明
Freedom of speech	言论自由	可以公开表达观点，包括批评政府。
Fair trial	公正审判	由独立法院审理；刑事案件可由陪审团裁决。
Discrimination	歧视	因性别、种族、宗教、性取向、残疾等受到不公平对待，在英国违法。

入籍典礼：宣誓与承诺

The citizenship ceremony

考纲要点Syllabus points

成为公民时，你要参加入籍典礼。
When you become a citizen you attend a citizenship ceremony.
你需要作出效忠宣誓（oath）或郑重声明（affirmation），并作出承诺（pledge）。
You make an oath or affirmation of allegiance and a pledge.
宣誓效忠的对象是君主（现为国王查尔斯三世）。
You swear allegiance to the monarch (currently King Charles III).
承诺的内容包括：忠于英国、尊重其权利与自由、维护民主价值观、遵守法律、履行公民义务。
The pledge promises loyalty to the UK, respect for its rights and freedoms, support for its democratic values, obedience to its laws, and fulfilment of a citizen's duties.

拓展讲解In depth

宣誓与承诺原文The oath and the pledge

宣誓（oath）以上帝之名；不信教的人可以选择不提上帝的郑重声明（affirmation），两者法律效力完全相同。

The oath is made in the name of God. People without a religious belief can choose an affirmation instead, which has exactly the same legal effect.

Oath: I (name) swear by Almighty God that, on becoming a British citizen, I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty King Charles the Third, His Heirs and Successors, according to law.
Pledge: I will give my loyalty to the United Kingdom and respect its rights and freedoms. I will uphold its democratic values. I will observe its laws faithfully and fulfil my duties and obligations as a British citizen.

典礼通常由地方议会组织，有一位官员主持，结束时会唱国歌《天佑国王》（God Save the King），并颁发入籍证书。这张证书非常重要，之后申请英国护照时需要。

Ceremonies are usually organised by the local council and led by an official. They end with the national anthem, "God Save the King", and you receive your certificate of citizenship. Keep it safe: you need it to apply for a British passport.

永居与入籍的基本要求

Becoming a permanent resident or citizen

考纲要点Syllabus points

申请永居或入籍，通常需要会说会读英语，并对英国生活有足够了解。
To apply for settlement or citizenship you normally need to speak and read English and have a good understanding of life in the UK.
后者通过 Life in the UK 考试来证明。
You show the second by passing the Life in the UK Test.
居住在英国的人，应当融入社会、积极参与社区生活。
People living in the UK are expected to integrate into society and play a full part in their community.

拓展讲解In depth

手册鼓励新居民了解所在社区：认识邻居、参加当地活动、使用公共图书馆、加入志愿组织。这些不只是"好建议"，也会以题目形式出现，比如"以下哪项是参与社区生活的方式"。

The handbook encourages new residents to get to know their community: meet neighbours, join local events, use the library and volunteer. These are not just tips; they appear as questions such as "which of these is a way to take part in community life?"

权利 Rights	责任 Responsibilities
信仰与宗教自由 Freedom of belief and religion	尊重并遵守法律 Respect and obey the law
言论自由 Freedom of speech	尊重他人的权利与观点 Respect the rights and opinions of others
免受不公平歧视 Freedom from unfair discrimination	公平待人 Treat others with fairness
公正审判 Right to a fair trial	照顾自己和家人 Look after yourself and your family
参与选举政府 Right to join in electing a government	爱护社区与环境 Look after your area and the environment

💡 权利（freedoms）是英国给你的；责任（responsibilities）是你给社会的。题目问哪一类，先分清方向。

Freedoms are what the UK offers you; responsibilities are what you owe society. Work out which one the question is asking about first.

本章自测

Quick check

点选答案即可看到对错和解析。想按真实考试节奏练习，请做整套模拟题。

What are the five fundamental principles of British life?

英国生活的五项基本原则是什么？

【✅A】五项基本原则：民主、法治、个人自由、对不同信仰和信念的宽容、参与社区生活，是入籍考试的核心考点，须牢记。❌D误把"君主制"列为原则，君主制属于政体形式而非价值原则；❌C"自由、平等、博爱"是1789年法国大革命口号；❌B所列项目均不在官方原则清单内。

Which of the following is a responsibility of people living in the UK?

以下哪项是居住在英国的人的责任？

【✅C】在英国居住者的基本责任之一就是尊重并遵守法律，无论是否为公民都适用。❌B加入政党是个人权利而非义务；❌A学习威尔士语或苏格兰盖尔语并非强制；❌D投票是公民权利而非强制责任，不投票不违法。区分"权利"与"责任"是常见考点。

Which of the following is a freedom offered to everyone in the UK?

以下哪项是英国赋予所有人的自由？

【✅D】言论自由是英国赋予每个人的基本自由，受法律保护。❌B高等教育需缴纳学费，并非免费；❌A英国不保证就业，找工作靠个人；❌C住房同样无保证，只有符合条件者才能申请社会住房。注意区分"自由/权利"与"福利保障"，后者通常有条件限制。

At a citizenship ceremony, what do new citizens make?

在入籍典礼上，新公民需要做什么？

【✅C】入籍典礼上，新公民向君主宣誓效忠（有宗教信仰者 oath，无宗教者可选 affirmation），并承诺尊重英国的权利与自由、遵守法律、履行公民义务。

Which TWO are fundamental principles of British life?

以下哪两项属于英国生活的基本原则？

【✅B】五项基本原则：民主、法治、个人自由、对不同信仰和信念的宽容、参与社区生活。

去做整套模拟题 →

Syllabus points are our own summary of the topics in the official handbook Life in the United Kingdom: A Guide for New Residents (3rd edition). They are not quotations from it. Facts that have changed since the handbook was published are marked.

考纲要点为本站根据官方手册《Life in the United Kingdom: A Guide for New Residents》（第三版）考查范围自行整理，并非手册原文；手册出版后已发生变化的事实已注明。最后核实：2026年10月。